An Improved Model for Detection and Quantification of Solid Particles in Air Duct Systems Using the Ultrasonic Method

Abstract

The present study addresses the issue of foreign solid particles in air duct systems and proposes an enhanced ultrasonic-based method for their detection and quantitative evaluation. The reliability and efficiency of modern industrial and aviation systems largely depend on the cleanliness and stability of the air flow. Dust, sand, ash, or metallic microparticles entering the system from the external environment can cause abrasive wear, surface erosion, and deformation of turbines and compressors. These effects reduce the energy efficiency of the equipment and increase the risk of critical failures. Therefore, there is a pressing need for a non-invasive technique capable of detecting and quantifying solid particles within air ducts in real time, without interrupting system operation.
Within the scope of this research, an ultrasonic sensing system is proposed, employing a pair of transmitting and receiving transducers. The acoustic wave propagated between them responds to inhomogeneities in the medium and to the presence of foreign particles, resulting in scattering, absorption, or phase shifts. The operating principle of the system is based on analyzing the variations in wave propagation time and amplitude, which enables the determination of particle size and concentration. Theoretical models are presented to describe the interrelation between the ultrasonic propagation velocity, wavelength, and medium density, as well as scattering effects based on Rayleigh and Mie theories.
The obtained results confirm that the ultrasonic method is an effective, economical, and environmentally safe approach for monitoring the condition of air duct systems. Implementation of the proposed model can significantly improve system reliability and operational lifespan in both aviation and energy industries.