The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for the Collection and Analysis of Environmental and Agricultural Data

Abstract

This paper examines the dynamic development of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) and their transformation from military-oriented technologies into multifunctional civilian and scientific instruments. The study highlights the interdisciplinary nature of the field, which relies on the integration of mechanics, electronics, and software engineering. A broad spectrum of drone applications is discussed—from environmental monitoring and logistics to precision agriculture. The paper also outlines the technical architecture of drones, including the coordinated operation of flight controllers and modern sensor systems such as GPS modules, cameras, and inertial measurement units. It is demonstrated that these components transform a drone from a simple flying device into a complex intelligent platform capable of collecting, processing, and analyzing data in real time.