Air Transport

Profiling Methods in Airport Security: Balancing Efficacy and Civil Liberties

David Alania — 2023-12-11

The purpose of this research: is to shed light on the critical and complex issue of utilizing profiling methods in airport security. We aim to explore the science and practice behind these methods, which include behavioral profiling, demographic profiling, and document verification, while emphasizing the need to strike a delicate balance between their efficacy in enhancing safety and the preservation of civil liberties. By delving into the scientific foundations and applications of profiling methods, I seek to provide a comprehensive understanding of how these tools operate and their importance in ensuring the safety of travelers. Ultimately, this research serves as an informative guide to navigate the complex landscape of airport security profiling, offering insights into both the advantages and challenges posed by these methods.

The results of research: applications, ethical considerations, and the ongoing evolution of these security practices. The conclusion emphasizes the delicate balance that must be struck between the efficacy of these methods and the protection of civil liberties. It underscores the importance of antidiscrimination policies, transparency, oversight, and data privacy to ensure responsible implementation while adapting to the ever-changing security landscape. This research offers a well-rounded perspective on the complex issues surrounding airport security profiling, providing valuable insights for those interested in the topic. It recognizes the critical importance of enhancing security while respecting individual freedoms and human rights, setting the stage for informed discussions and responsible practices in this critical domain.

Modeling of a plate with an elliptical hole under axial load considering plastic deformation

S.N. Bliadze — 2023-12-11

One of the problems in the study of rupture theory is the study of the stress field in the area of specific concentrators. From the point of view of practical application, stress concentration is mainly found, not only in the area of sharp change in stiffness, but also in the area of holes. The solution of the concentration problem is further complicated by the physical nonlinearity of the material resulting from the loads. In this article, an infinite plate with a central longitudinal hole, specifically elliptic, under axial load is discussed. The purpose of the article is to create a diagnostic model in the software complex FEMAP, the solution of which will allow us to estimate the concentration zone (spreading area).

Modern Avionics-ATM Ergonomy and Innovation Technologies Implementation Gap Analyses. Latvian and Georgian Case Studies

Nika Tikanashvili — 2023-12-11

According to EUROCONTROL research, by 2035 year, airports across Europe are expected to be handling 14.4 million flights and 1.4 billion passengers. However, the current air traffic management (ATM) system is not adequately prepared for this volume of air traffic. The system cannot handle such a large number of airplanes in a timely manner, resulting in congested airspace and causing delays for aircraft on the ground and in the air. This situation is economically inefficient and has a significant negative impact on the environment due to carbon emission and noise pollution. For this reason, continuous development and modernization of the air traffic management system is necessary. The Global Air Navigation Plan (GANP) is a flexible engineering-technical methodological document, that allows all International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) member states to advance their air navigation capacities
based on their specific operational requirements. One of the most problematic parts for successful implementation of the GANP is an innovative air traffic management, and aircraft on-board modern technologies effective interrelationship, taking into account ergonomic factors. System operator-machineenvironment main effective functionality is determined by the characteristics of the human operator and depends on a level of process automation and a number of main technical parameters.

Paper is focused on the Latvian and Georgian case studies, as in both counties ATM technologies and automatization level continuously grows and becomes more advanced. Consequently, the development of aircraft on-board systems and new skills of aviation professionals becomes even more critical. As a result of research, methodological approach and general model for effective interconnection of on-board and innovative ATM technologies taking into account human factors is proposed.

An Updated Method for Determining the Rheological Parameters of Composite material

Bidzina Abesadze — 2023-12-11

The paper discusses the improved methodology for determining the parameters of the influence and relaxation functions of composite materials with elastic-plastic properties, on the example of nonlinear deformation. The approach is based on the so-called on the application of the heredity theory. Due to the existence of a complex mathematical apparatus, the parameters of the rheological functions of the material today, it is determined by combining theoretical and experimental graphs [1, 2].

This method is outdated and associated with certain inaccuracies. In particular, the determination of the strength characteristics of a specific material and the coefficient of theoretical and experimental time displacement gives a significant error during further calculations. In the presented improved method, parameters of material influence and relaxation functions the selection for the given phase of the research is done using the existing methodology, based on the simple similarity (combination) of the graphs of the functions. Also, subsequently, theoretical and experimental curves are approximated to a polynomial of any degree, using the least squares method. In the example discussed below, approximations are made to 4th and 7th degree polynomials. In the corresponding polynomial expansion of the theoretical curve, based on the consideration of greater smoothness of the graph of the function, two additional parameters are calculated, which ensure the displacement of this curve on the horizontal and vertical axes, which should coincide as much as possible with the corresponding graph of the experimental polynomial.

The mentioned parameters will be determined by a procedure similar to the least squares method. In particular, the sum of the squares of the differences between the theoretical and experimental values at specific points of the functions arguments should be minimal. The task of finding the minimum of a function of two variables should be solved. The corresponding calculations are made using the computer program "Maple" and the corresponding solutions are obtained. Based on a specific example, the results
obtained by the existing and improved method are compared.

Quantum computers and their application prospects in aviation

Demur Vepkhvadze — 2023-12-11

The article discusses the basic principles of building a quantum computer, the purpose, description and main types of their basic information unit qubit. The principle scheme and working principle of a quantum computer are presented. Basic algorithms of quantum computing are discussed. A comparison of quantum computers with classical computers is given and the advantages of classical computers compared to them are shown. The possibilities and principles of optimal solution of a wide range of complex aviation tasks (optimization tasks, modeling and analysis of complex systems, processing of new aviation materials, air traffic management, etc.) are proposed in the case of using quantum computers in aviation.

Study of operating conditions and determination of technical requirements for the creation of protective nets to prevent birds entering into aircraft engines

R. Khachidze — 2023-12-11

The paper discusses the issues of installing a bird protection net in the air intake device of aircraft turbojet engines, establishes technical requirements that must be taken into account when designing and manufacturing experimental samples of an effective protective net, determines the approximate values and ranges of its parameters.

Sing the Ultrasonic Method to Detect Fatigue Cracks in Metal Structures

Irakli Takadze — 2023-12-11

The features of identifying fatigue cracks using ultrasonic thickness gauging methods are reviewed. Theoretical calculations of the ultrasonic reflection coefficient from the «steel-air» interface of a thin medium were carried out. Experimental measurements were carried out to detect fatigue cracks in metal products. It has been established that there is a relationship between the ultrasonic reflection coefficient and the width of the layer in the crack, which in turn can change depending on the temperature of the
product and the degree of mechanical stress causing deformation of the controlled part.

Changes in the definition of bodily injury in the Montreal Convention as a result of the new practice of the Court of Justice of the European Union

Beka Khitiri — 2023-12-11

The Montreal Convention of May 28, 1999 on the Unification of Certain Rules of International Air Carriage (hereinafter referred to as the Montreal Convention) is the main document that defines the issue of responsibility of airlines to passengers and cargo carriers within the framework of international civil aviation. One of the issues regulated by the mentioned convention is the compensation of the damage caused by the airline company, its volume and the prohibition of the possibility to refuse it in advance.

The Montreal Convention defines four main types of damages that are compensated within its scope - death of the passenger, bodily injury, destruction or loss of baggage and flight delay. In case of any damage of this type, the convention stipulates that the airline is obliged, within the predetermined limits, to compensate the damage in full. As for any other type of damage that may, for example, occur to a passenger during an international commercial flight, the Montreal Convention does not apply to them.

Accordingly, it can be said that in the case of the existence of the mentioned four types of damage, the main normative act in international civil aviation is the Montreal Convention. Despite the great importance of the mentioned document, there are still various ambiguities today, the practices related to which are constantly evolving, which have a significant impact on the development of international civil aviation.

Personal Data Protection

Gulnara Kotrikadze — 2023-12-11

The purpose of personal data protection is to ensure the protection of human rights and freedoms, including the inviolability of personal life, during the processing of personal data.

Personal data (hereinafter - data) is any information related to an identified or identifiable natural person. A person is identifiable when it is possible to identify him directly or indirectly, namely by an identification number or by physical, physiological, psychological, economic, cultural or social characteristics of a person.

Studies and practical steps for the development and improvement of Georgian aviation technical terminology

S. Tepnadze — 2023-12-11

As a result of the rapid development of aviation and the aviation industry, completely new technologies and technical means have been developed in recent years, which have been introduced and are successfully used all over the world. Accordingly, new aviation terms and concepts of international importance came into use. It has become necessary to find their Georgian equivalents or to create new ones, which has recently been implemented by various agencies and organizations in parallel, but without agreement with each other. The joint work of aviation specialists and linguists in this direction became necessary.

The article discusses the stages of development of aviation terminology in Georgia, examines its current state and outlines the ways of its further development.

Peculiarities of the flight control process of unmanned aerial vehicles

A. Apkhaidze — 2023-12-11

The paper discusses the process of providing the means of managing unmanned aerial vehicles (drones).

The collection of data on coordinates and movement parameters using the satellite communication channel is carried out from the main or stationary control point. Remotely controlled modern drones, in addition to high maneuverability, have a sufficient flight duration and distance, which increases the area of their use.

The phase of drone flight when the control visualization system is not used is discussed. Recommendations have been developed during the phases of drone flight.

Analysis of The Statistics of Injuries Caused by Birds Getting into The Engine When They Collide with Aircraft and Estimation of The Costs to be Incurred for Their Elimination

R. Khachidze — 2023-12-11

The article discusses the statistics of injuries caused by the collision of birds with aircraft and its analysis is carried out.

The research is based on analytical, structural, trend, grouping and comparison methods. During the dynamic analysis, a comparison of each indicator of individual parameters with the previous period is used. Basic indicators are used for the analysis, in particular, the data of any past period, which may be presented as a percentage. At this time, each subsequent year is compared to the base year and deviations are determined. Dynamic analysis is also called horizontal analysis.

Air incidents and their consequences caused by birds getting into the aircraft engine are isolated and studied. Estimated direct and indirect costs for restoration and repair of damaged engine parts or entire engines. The initial data required for the example calculations are taken from a database created by the US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) for aviation incidents during the years 1990-2022. Statistical materials are widely used in the work, published in Georgia and from the database of foreign publications.

Propeller with High Efficiency and Reduced Noise Emission

N. Tabatadze — 2023-12-11

In modern electronic vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) multi-rotor aircraft, the air propeller is the main unit required for flight, and therefore the main part of the electricity available on board the machine is used for their operation. One of the main problems with such machines is the short duration of the flight, which is about 20-30 minutes, and the high noise generated by them. These two important problems of these machines, short flight duration, and environmental noise pollution, are directly related
to the efficient operation of propellers.

The article presents the positive effects achieved by geometrical changes in the design of modern propellers and their impact on the technical characteristics of aircraft. Based on the widely used propeller design in practice, we have developed 5 different conceptual propeller designs and both simulation and experimental studies were carried out on them. Research shows that a promising propeller design can achieve up to 15% improved energy efficiency and 5-7 dB reduced noise.