Economic and Environmental Assessment of Ground Support Vehicles Serving Aircraft at Tbilisi International Airport

Abstract

The study examines the economic costs and environmental issues associated with Ground Support Equipment (GSE) operations at airports. The primary aim of the research is to assess the current situation using Tbilisi International Airport as a case study, where fuel consumption and emission data for April 2025 have been analyzed. The paper provides detailed calculations of fuel expenditures and evaluates emission levels in comparison with environmental standards. The findings indicate that GSE operations are linked to significant financial implications and notable environmental pollution. In response to these challenges, specific strategies are proposed, including the transition to electric or hydrogen fuel-cell-powered GSE. The implementation of such technologies would result in substantial fuel cost savings and near-zero carbon emissions, contributing to the sustainable and efficient development of the airport. Ultimately, the study offers a comprehensive analysis and practical recommendations aimed at reducing the ecological footprint of ground operations and improving overall operational efficiency at Tbilisi International Airport.